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LA
AUSCHWITZ
DEL VATICANO
Note e
riferimenti (da completare)
PRIMA
PARTE - CHIESA E FASCISMO
1-
1 - "Nazi Germany is no more. The Catholic Church is still here with
us. More powerful than ever. With her own Press and the
World Press
at her bidding. Anything published about the atrocities in the
future
will not be believed. . ." Avro Manhattan - The Vatican's
Holocaust ( Pagg. 107-108) LINK
1-2
- "Les
Slaves catholiques concernés (Croates, Dalmates,
Slovènes), quoique
parfois rétifs, étaient un atout précieux dans les
mains de l'État et
l'Église autrichiens. Cette dernière, par le truchement
d’un bas clergé
discipliné, maintenait, contre les Slaves orthodoxes
l’obéissance et la
cohésion politique d’une marqueterie de populations". Annie
Lacroix-Riz - Les cahiers de l’Orient, n° 59, 3e trimestre 2000, p.
79-101 LINK
1-3 - "All
in all, Croats and Serbs are of two worlds, north pole and south pole,
never will they be able to get together unless by a miracle of God. The
schism (Eastern Orthodoxy) is the greatest curse in Europe, almost
greater than Protestantism. Here there is no moral, no principles, no
truth, no justice, no honesty". (Alexander, op.cit.) LINK
1-4
- "Whatever opinion the Catholic Church may now express about Hitler
and his Nazi-Socialism, it stands 100 per cent with him and the other
fascist dictators in this avowed objective of destroying the political
and social order that came out of the Reformation and substituting
therefor an integral, positive-Christian hierarchical confederation of
states, similar to that which existed before Protestantism disrupted
the authoritarian order of things in Central Europe." Leo Lehmann Behind
the Dictators
1-5 - “It
was of
interest to me that the Pope said to me on this occasion that Germany
must become the sword of the Catholic Church. I remarked that the old
Roman Empire of the German nation no longer existed, and that
conditions had changed. But he stuck to his words.” Kaiser Wilhelm II
on Pope Leo XIII - Leo
Lehmann – Behind the Dictators p22
1-6 -
"Like
many other Italian Catholic conservatives, Pius XI regarded a stable
Fascist regime in Italy as a far more effective bulwark against
Communism than democratic governments with their ever-changing
coalitions could ever be." Under His Very Windows - The Vatican
and the Holocaust in Italy - by Susan Zuccotti - LINK
1-7 - Ivan
Padjen - Church and State in Croatia - in Laws and Religion in
post-communist Europe - pagg. 60-61. LINK
1-8 / 9 /
10
"Believe, Obey and Fight" (Credere, obbedire e combattere) - Tracy Koon
pag. 138 - LINK )
1-11
-
“Nuestra bendición se dirige de modo especial a cuantos han
asumido la
difícil y peligrosa misión de defender y restaurar los
derechos y el
honor de Dios y de la religión” - LINK
1-12 -
Fredric
Rossif, "Mourir a Madrid" - min. 18-20
1- 13 -
National
Catholicism (nacionalcatolicismo) was part of the ideological identity
of Francoism,
the dictatorial regime with which Francisco Franco governed Spain
between 1936 and 1975. Its most visible manifestation was the hegemony
that the Catholic Church had in all aspects of public and private life.
Wikipedia - LINK
1-14
- To this end the Vatican helped to crush out the Catholic popular
parties both in Italy and Germany and centralized all political matters
in Rome. This insured to the dictators freedom from popular
interference on the part of Catholics; it established a more complete
dictatorial regime within the Catholic Church itself." - Leo Lehmann,
"Behind the dictators" - pag. 49
SECONDA
PARTE
Non vi
sono link
di riferimento per la seconda parte, oltre a quelli presentati nella
pagina stessa.
TERZA
PARTE -
L'ALLEANZA FRA CHIESA E USTASHA / LE COLPE DI STEPINAC E DEL CLERO
CATTOLICO IN CROAZIA
3-1
"God, who directs the destiny of nations and controls the
hearts of Kings, has given us Ante Pavelic and moved the leader of a
friendly and allied people, Adolf Hitler, to use his victorious troops
to disperse our oppressors... Glory be to God, our gratitude to Adolf
Hitler and loyalty to our Poglavnik, Ante Pavelic." LINK
3-2
The pastoral letter, which was also
published in Nedelja and Katolicki List on April 28,
1941, declared: “Honorable brethren, there is
not one among you who did not recently witness the most significant
event in the life of the Croatian people among whom we act as herald of
Christ’s word. These are events that fulfilled the long-dreamed of and
desired ideal of our people.... You should therefore readily answer my
call to do elevated work for the safeguarding and the progress of the
Independent State of Croatia.... Prove yourselves, honorable brethren,
and fulfill now your duty toward the young Independent State of
Croatia.” LINK
3-3
"The Jugoslav Auschwitz and the Vatican",
Vladimir
Dedijer - Prometheus Books.
3-4
"REPORT ON ITALIAN CRIMES AGAINST YUGOSLAVIA AND ITS PEOPLE"
- Commissione Nazionale Jugoslava sui Crimini di Guerra
(Belgrado, 1947) - pag. 161 (Il documento non è disponibile
online)
3-5
"While the Vatican's
Fascist associates were busy
engineering political or terrorist activities, Catholic
diplomacy—as previously in Spain, Austria, Czechoslovakia,
Belgium, and France—came to the fore with the promotion of a
powerful Catholic fifth column. This, which had already gnawed at
the internal structure of Yugoslav unity, consisted of all those
Croats infected with national-religious fanaticism, of the
Catholic Hierarchy of Croatia, and of an illegal Nationalist Army
composed of bands of Catholic terrorists, called the Ustashi,
the last led by Ante Pavelic, supported by Vladimir Macek, leader
of the Croat Peasant Party, who in 1939 arranged for Mussolini to
finance him with 20 million diners for the Croat Separatist
Movement, and by Archbishop A.
Stepinac, leader of the Catholic Hierarchy in
Croatia." - The Vatican's Holocaust - Avro Manhattan, Cap. 1 LINK
3-6
"L'Arcivescovo del
genocidio" di Marco Aurelio
Rivelli - LINK
3-7
Karlheinz Deschner - La politica dei papi nel XX secolo
Edizioni Ariele LINK
3-8
"Le
haut-clergé de l'église catholique croate avait
établi la
coopération la plus étroite avec les autorités
oustachis. A sa tête se
trouvait l'archevêque de Zagreb Mgr Alojzije Stepinac, qui a
salué la
création du nouvel Etat et donné sa
bénédiction à Ante Pavelic. La
majorité des évêques catholiques (Mgr Saric de
Sarajevo, Mgr Bonefacic
de Split, Mgr Pusic de Hvar, Mgr Srebrenic de Krk, Mgr Buric de Senj,
Mgr Aksamovic de Djakovo, Mgr Garic de Banja Luka, Mgr Mileta de
Sibenik) ont activement travaillé à la propagation du
régime oustachi
et un certain nombre de prêtres et de moines portaient l'uniforme
oustachi, tout particulièrement les franciscains de Bosnie qui
ne
dissimulaient nullement leur participation aux crimes." LINK
3-9
"L'Arcivescovo del
genocidio" di Marco Aurelio
Rivelli - LINK
QUARTA
PARTE -
JASENOVAC / LA GUERRA DEI FRANCESCANI
4-1
"The
Jugoslav Auschwitz and the Vatican",
Vladimir
Dedijer - pag . 197
4-2 "The
Jugoslav Auschwitz and the Vatican",
Vladimir
Dedijer - pag . 154
4-3 -
"Magnum
Crimen", Viktor Novak - pagg.
651- 652 - Una delle fonti maggiormente accreditate dagli storici di
tutto il
mondo sulla storia del Vaticano nei Balcani è il
libro "Magnum Crimen", scritto nel dopoguerra dal prete
cattolico
Viktor Novak. LINK
4-4 BRALO,
BOZIDAR Catholic priest in the St. Joseph church in
Sarajevo.
Organized the slaughter of 180 Serbs on the Alipasa Bridge. After
killing
them, he danced the Croatian national dance, the Circle Dance, around
their
bodies before their bodies were thrown into the river. [...] Bralo also
murdered thousands of Serbs in the concentration
camp Jasenovac. He was a member of the Ustasha Parliament, together
with
Archbishop Stepinac. Personally slaughtered Serbs in the villages of
Sabalj,
Marsic-Gaj, Piskavica, Ponira, Biljevina, Kozara mountain, Sanski Most,
Kamengrad and Grmec. Decorated by fascist Ante Pavelic. LINK
4-5 "The
Jugoslav Auschwitz and the Vatican",
Vladimir
Dedijer - pag . 216
4-6
REPORT
ON ITALIAN
CRIMES AGAINST YUGOSLAVIA AND ITS PEOPLE"
- Commissione Nazionale Jugoslava sui Crimini di Guerra
(Belgrado, 1947) - pag. 62
4-7
REPORT
ON ITALIAN
CRIMES AGAINST YUGOSLAVIA AND ITS PEOPLE"
- Commissione Nazionale Jugoslava sui Crimini di Guerra
(Belgrado, 1947) - pag.29
4-8 "Les
hauts
dignitaires et les ecclésiastiques de
l'église orthodoxe
serbe étaient une cible privilégie des attaques
oustachies. Sur le
territoire de l'Etat Indépendant Croate il y avait 9
évêchés serbes,
1.100 églises, 31 monastères, 800 prêtres et 160
moines. Trois des
principaux évêques, Mgr Platon Jovanovic de Banja Luka,
Mgr Petar
Zimonjic de Sarajevo,le métropolite de Bosnie et Mgr Sava
Trlajic
évêque de Karlovac ont été assassinés
de manière brutale et le
métropolite de Zagreb Mgr Dositej a été
déporté à Belgrade après avoir
été torturé. Dans le NDH près de 300
prêtres ont été tués cependant
qu'un grand nombre étaient expulsés vers la Serbie. Dans
le diocèse de
Karlovac, 175 églises ont été incendiées,
détruites ou fortement
endommagées. Sur un nombre total de 189, seules 14
églises demeuraient
intactes. Dans l'évêché de Pakrac, sur un total de
99 églises, 53 ont
été incendiées, et 22 endommagées. Dans
l'évêché de Dalmatie 18 églises
ont été démolies et 55 endommagées sur un
total de 109. Selon des
informations qui sont parvenues au début de l'année 1945
au Patriarcat
de Belgrade, sept églises ont été démolies
et 6 fortement endommagées
sur un total de 12 qui comptait le diocèse de Bosanska Dubica de
l'évêché de Banja Luka. Dans le diocèse de
Dubica, le nombre total des
habitants serbes est tombé de 32.687 à 13.286. Sur
l'ensemble du
territoire du NDH, pendant les cinq ans de pouvoir oustachi,
près de
400 églises et monastères serbes ont été
démolis, cependant qu'un grand
nombre, endommagés, servaient d'écuries,
d'entrepôts, d'abattoirs pour
le bétail ou de toilettes ouvertes au public. A Jasenovac, avant
d'être
entièrement détruite, l'église orthodoxe locale
avait servi d'étable.
Les destructions systématiques n'avaient même pas
épargné les
cimetières orthodoxes. Parmi les nombreux lieux de
sépulture qui ont
été saccagés, ceux qui ont été plus
particulièrement endommagés ou plus
exactement démolis et les sites labourés: citons, les
cimetières dans
les environs de Banja Luka, dans les cantons de Cajnice, de Brcko,
Travnik, Mostar, Ljubinje, Slavonski Brod, Borovo, Tenja et bien
d'autres." LINK
QUINTA
PARTE (i
link sono da completare)
5 - 1
"Holy
Father! Since divine providence has made it possible that I take
over the helm of my people and my homeland, I am firmly determined and
wish fervently that the Croatian people, faithful to their laudable
past, also in the future remain loyal to the holy apostle Peter and his
followers and that our homeland, filled with the law of the New
Testament, become Christ's kingdom. In this truly great work, I
fervently ask the aid of Your Holiness. As such aid I first see
that Your Holiness with Your highest apostolic authority recognize our
state, then that You deign as quickly as possible to send Your
representative, who will help me with Your fatherly advice, and finally
that he impart to me and my people the apostolic blessing.
Kneeling at the feet of Your Holiness. I kiss your sacred right
hand as the obedient son of Your Holiness". . . "
The
Jugoslav Auschwitz and the Vatican",
Vladimir
Dedijer - pag . 78
5 - 2 - LINK
5 - 3 Church
History, Cambridge University Press LINK
5 - 4
Although Pacelli collaborated in the writing and the distribution of
the encyclical, he quickly undermined its effects by reassuring the
Reich's ambassador in Rome. "Pacelli received me with decided
friendliness," the diplomat reported back to Berlin, "and emphatically
assured me during the conversation that normal and friendly relations
with us would be restored as soon as possible."
John Cornwell - Hitler's Pope - in Vanity Fair, 1999 LINK
5
- 5 In
November 1939, in deepest secrecy,
Pacelli became intimately and dangerously involved In what was probably
the most viable plot to depose Hitler during the war. The plot
centered on a group of anti-Nazi generals, committed to returning
Germany to democracy. The coup might spark a civil war, and they wanted
assurances that the West would not take advantage of the ensuing chaos.
Pius XII agreed to act as go-between for the plotters and the Allies.
Had his complicity in the plot been discovered it might have proved
disastrous for the Vatican and for many thousands of German clergy. As
it happened, leaders in London dragged their feet, and the plotters
eventually fell silent. The episode demonstrates that, while Pacelli
seemed weak to some, pusillanimity and indecisiveness were hardly in
his nature.
John
Cornwell - Hitler's Pope - in Vanity Fair, 1999 LINK
NOTA:
Tutte
le fotografie del clero croato, del campo di Jasenovac e dell'eccidio
dei serbo-ortodossi in Croazia provengono dalla Cinemateca Nazionale
Jugoslava, e sono in mostra permanente al Museo dell'Olocausto di
Belgrado.
Sono ampiamente diffuse in rete, e compaiono in tutti i più
importanti
libri che hanno trattato questo argomento. (V. Bibliografia
Generale)
GALLERIA
IMMAGINI JASENOVAC - LINK
Altri link verranno presto
inseriti, insieme ad una completa bibliografia di riferimento.
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